{"id":2007,"date":"2024-02-29T16:53:45","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T16:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nuoa.io\/?p=2007"},"modified":"2024-02-29T16:53:46","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T16:53:46","slug":"co2e-y-nghia-dinh-nghia-cach-tinh-va-vi-du-ve-cac-nganh-can-bao-cao-theo-cbam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nuoa.io\/vi\/co2e-y-nghia-dinh-nghia-cach-tinh-va-vi-du-ve-cac-nganh-can-bao-cao-theo-cbam\/","title":{"rendered":"CO2e \u2013 \u00dd ngh\u0129a, \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, C\u00e1ch t\u00ednh v\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o theo CBAM"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>CO2e (Carbon Dioxide Equivalent)<\/strong>&nbsp;l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed fluoro (F-gases).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd kh\u00e1c nhau trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, methane m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n carbon dioxide, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GWP), \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 100 n\u0103m) so v\u1edbi CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CO2e \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u1edbi GWP c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chung bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 CO2. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, GWP c\u1ee7a methane l\u00e0 28, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n methane s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 28 t\u1ea5n CO2 trong v\u00f2ng 100 n\u0103m. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5n methane c\u00f3 CO2e l\u00e0 28 t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao CO2e quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>CO2e quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh Paris nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 2\u00b0C so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng CO2e g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CO2e c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh kh\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ng\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 carbon v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2e. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u201cd\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n\u201d CO2e c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/nuoa.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-1024x768.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nuoa.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/nuoa.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/nuoa.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/nuoa.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-1536x1152.png 1536w, https:\/\/nuoa.io\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i CO2e t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o theo CBAM:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p<\/strong>: S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 s\u1eaft g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 2,6 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n CO2e m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 7,2% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than v\u00e0 than c\u1ed1c trong l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n gang v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u00e9p c\u0169ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cao ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef carbon (CCS), s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hydro v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m<\/strong>: S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 1,1 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n CO2e m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 3% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec7n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c kh\u00ed perfluorocarbon (PFC) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n nh\u00f4m. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00f4m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn qu\u1eb7ng bauxite, ph\u1ea3i khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u00f4 an\u00f4t kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nh\u00f4m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n<\/strong>: S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 0,8 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n CO2e m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 2,2% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho quy tr\u00ecnh Haber-Bosch \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t amoniac, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n nit\u01a1 nh\u01b0 ure v\u00e0 amoni nitrat. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n c\u0169ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i cao ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p amoniac d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc, CCS, v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 13,5 t\u1ef7 t\u1ea5n CO2e m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 37% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 than, d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i t\u1eeb ng\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, CCS v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng minh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CO2e (Carbon Dioxide Equivalent)&nbsp;l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet-chuyen-gia"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - 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